Objective: This paper aims to review research progress on COVID-19 sequelae to enhance attention to their complexity and social impacts. Study design: A systematic review was conducted by integrating global epidemiological data, clinical studies, and mechanistic analyses to systematically summarize existing findings. Methods: Published literature was screened and analyzed, covering the epidemiological characteristics of sequelae (e.g., incidence, population distribution), clinical manifestations (multisystem impacts on respiratory, neurological, cardiovascular systems, etc.), potential mechanisms (viral persistence, immune dysregulation, organ damage), and prevention/treatment strategies (vaccination, rehabilitation therapy, etc.). Results: Approximately 5%-10% of infected individuals develop long-term sequelae, with higher risks observed in women, severe cases, and those with underlying conditions. Neurocognitive impairment, pulmonary fibrosis, and cardiovascular damage are major manifestations, with mechanisms closely linked to viral persistence, chronic inflammation, and immune disorders. Vaccination may reduce sequelae risk, though more evidence is needed to support its efficacy. Conclusion: COVID-19 sequelae represent a multisystem, multifactorial health challenge that requires enhanced mechanistic research, optimized diagnostic and treatment systems, and global responses through interdisciplinary collaboration and social support.
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Zhang, B., Cui, X., Wang, Z., Gao, Z., Meng, F., Liu, K., Qian, Y. (2025) Review and Prospect of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: New Challenges Faced by Public Health Nursing in the Future. Journal of Disease and Public Health, 1(2), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.71052/jdph/SHDW4714